Open Human Architecture

Transforming Command and Control

As part of the Hacking for Ministry of Defence (H4MOD) module at Imperial College London, a team of four postgraduate students on the MSc Security and Resilience degree programme developed a visionary solution for a modern military challenge: creating a distributed and adaptable command structure resilient enough for the demands of modern warfare. This concept, dubbed “Open Human Architecture”, reimagines how military command and control (C2) can operate in a dispersed, technology-driven environment. We caught up with two students from Team Mandatron, Marco Gomolka and Konrad von Klitzing, to talk about their innovative solution idea.

A Need for Dispersion

The students’ journey began with a problem statement provided by Army HQ: How to transform command structures for distributed operations, making military headquarters more resilient against adversaries capable of locating and targeting centralised hubs. In conventional models, headquarters (HQ) units are concentrated in one location, making them vulnerable to long-range and electronic attacks. The aim, however, is to enable effective command even if teams were to be dispersed across multiple, smaller locations.

After initial research, the students realised that a lot of effort had been put into building and researching the technology necessary to pull off such a change. However, there has previously been very little focus on the behavioural changes needed for new technological solutions to be implemented. The team decided to hone in on this human aspect, solidified by Marco and Konrad’s knowledge of behavioural science theories. 

Drawing from insights gathered in their interviews, the team theorised that the commonly-recognised software approach to transform C2 structures - Open Systems Architecture, known for its interoperability and flexibility - would need to be complemented by corresponding shifts in operator behaviour. Inspired by this, the team named this new approach in human behaviour: “Open Human Architecture”.

The Three Pillars of Open Human Architecture

As a result of their work on the H4MOD course, which included industry interviews and feedback from military experts, the team established a robust framework around three key pillars to help tackle this complex problem:

1. Collaborative Culture
   The team emphasised that in order for dispersed HQs to succeed, soldiers would need to work with remote collaboration tools inspired by the post-COVID-19 workplace shift. Adapting communication techniques from the private sector, they proposed using off-the-shelf software and regular training to build a culture of trust and agility. By promoting horizontal, rather than hierarchical, collaboration, they aimed to create a communication style resilient enough to withstand both distance and digital interference.

2. Tactical Autonomy
   With soldiers often required to make rapid decisions in isolation, the team knew that autonomy had to be central. Their findings underscored the importance of preparing soldiers to trust their decision-making, especially when communication systems might be compromised. They recommended exercises focused on building confidence in alternative, secondary communication systems to ensure that soldiers could continue to operate effectively with limited information.

3. Human-Machine Interface (HMI)
   A seamless technology experience was crucial for the new model, given the reliance on digital tools. The team advocated for user-centric software and agile development practices to make C2 systems more intuitive. This would allow soldiers to interact with C2 technology with ease and confidence, avoiding the frustration and slowdowns that come with unfamiliar software.
   

                                                                                                                                                                     Fig 1. Open Human Architecture Model

“Gaining the ability to quickly iterate between emerging technological solutions is critical for success in the modern battlespace. This ability can be learned through existing commercial off-the-shelf technology.”

— Konrad von Klitzing, former H4MOD student

The Road to the Solution

The student team didn’t just theorise solutions; they conducted an extensive series of interviews with military and industry professionals to solidify their real-world insights. Through 50 in-depth interviews, they refined their ideas, adapting them to meet the specific needs and conditions faced by UK MOD’s Divisional Headquarters. They then applied the Lean Start-up methodology, using a feedback loop to continuously test and refine their concept.

To address the cultural changes needed for dispersed command to thrive, the students highlighted the importance of active engagement from all levels of the military. Leaders and soldiers alike must understand the benefits of a dispersed model to prevent a returning to old habits. To build support, the team recommended ongoing hands-on demonstrations and transparent discussions about the benefits and goals of Open Human Architecture.

The Power of Student Innovation in Solving Real-World Problems

Through their commitment to solving a real-world government problem, Team Mandatron delivered an impressive conceptual framework that could reshape dispersed military command. Open Human Architecture stands as a testament to the power of student innovation and collaboration. By combining insights from fields like behavioural science, technology, and organisational change, they created a practical, adaptable approach to military operations that could redefine how command structures operate in the future.

Earlier this year, Marco and Konrad were invited to present their findings to 207 Signals Squadron, whose Commanding Officer (CO) was interviewed by Team Mandatron as part of the Beneficiary Discovery process during the H4MOD course. The CO was so impressed with the team’s research and findings that he organised for his Squadron to visit the student team at Imperial College London, where Marco and Konrad delivered their presentation.

Conclusion

With Open Human Architecture, these students have taken a decisive step toward a future where military command is agile, resilient, and ready for the demands of a digital battlefield. Their work highlights the potential for academia to solve complex, real-world problems and underscores the value of bringing fresh perspectives to current challenges. As the landscape of warfare continues to evolve, Open Human Architecture offers a strategic approach that empowers forces to operate effectively across distances, ensuring both adaptability and security in modern warfare.

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